| II - 23.01 : Causative-passive Sentences | |
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"Causative-passive" sentences are the passive version of the causative
sentences. You can use causative-passive sentences when you want to say that you were made to do, or harassed or talked into doing something, something that you did not want to. |
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（上手だから歌いたくなかったのに） 歌を歌たわされました。 |
(I didn't want to sing because I'm not a good singer, but) I was forced to sing. |
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(joozu da kara, utaitaku nakatta no ni) |
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（きらいだから食べたくないんですが、 いつも）肉を食べさせられます。 |
(I don't want to eat it because I don't like meat, but) I am (always) made to eat meat. |
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(kirai da kara, tabetaku nai n desu ga, |
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| Forming causative-passive forms: | |
| 1) ru-verbs: Drop -ru and add -sase-rare-ru. | |
| 食べる -> 食べさせられる | |
| taberu - tabesaserareru | 2) u-verbs that end with す- su: Drop -u and add -ase-rare-ru. |
| 話す -> 話させられる | |
| hanasu - hanasaserareru | 3) all other u-verbs: Drop -u and add -asare-ru. |
| 書く -> 書かされる | |
| kaku - kakasareru | 4) irregular verb: |
| する -> させられる | |
| suru - saserareru | |
| くる -> こさせられる | |
| kuru - kosaserareru | |
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In the table above, you must have noticed |
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| The basic makeup of a causative-passive sentence is like this: | |
| 私は 彼女に 車を洗わされました。 | I was tricked by my girlfriend into washing her car. |
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watashi-wa kanojo-ni kuruma-o arawasaremashita. |
(puppet) は (puppet master) に (action) |
| The "puppet" is forced into performing an
action. Marked with ha [wa] or ga. The "puppet master" wields power over, and manipulates, the puppet. The particle is ni. The "action" forced upon the puppet is described with a causative-passive verb. |
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| If you compare a causative-passive sentence with a causative sentence, you notice that the actors are switched between the two: | |
| 私は 友達に 宿題を手伝わされました。 |
Causative-passive: I was forced by my friend into helping him with his homework. |
| watashi-wa tomodachi-ni shukudai-o tetsudawasaremashita. | |
| 友達は 私に 宿題を手伝わせました。 |
Causative: My friend made me help him with his homework. |
| tomodachi-wa watashi-ni shukudai-o tetsudawasemashita. | |
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Compare a causative-passive sentence with a plain,
non-causative non-passive sentence. These two types of sentences have the same subject. You add the "puppet master" role to a plain sentence and make the verb longer, and you get a causative-passive sentence. |
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| ゆみは お母さんに 勉強させられました。 |
Causative-passive: Yumi was ordered by her mother to study. |
| yumi-wa okaasan-ni benkyoo saseraremashita. | |
| ゆみは 勉強しました。 |
Plain: Yumi studied. |
| yumi-wa benkyoo shimashita. |